ICT Short Course
Rockview University

《Units ICT Short Course》

This module introduces students to the basic components of computer systems—hardware and software. At Rockview University, we focus on helping students understand how computers work and how we interact with them. The course is divided into clear, easy-to-follow units that build a strong foundation in ICT.

UNIT 1. Introduction to Computers

1. What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic machine that helps us do tasks like typing, calculating, watching videos, and browsing the internet. It works by receiving data, storing it, processing it, and showing the results.

Basic Computer

2. How a Computer Works

Step 1: Input Data

Input means giving information to the computer. You do this using input devices.

Input Devices

Step 2: Store Data

Storage means saving information so you can use it later. Computers store data using special devices.

Storage Devices

Step 3: Process Data

Processing means working with the data to get results. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer.

CPU Processing

Step 4: Output Data

Output means showing the results of the processed data. Output devices help you see or hear the results.

Output Devices

3. Summary

A computer works in four main steps: it takes input from devices, stores the data, processes it using the CPU, and gives output through devices like a monitor or printer. These steps help us use computers for learning, working, and having fun.

Unit 2: Computer Hardware and software

1. Computer Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can touch and see. These include input devices (like keyboards and mice), output devices (like monitors and printers), and internal components (like the CPU and system unit).

2. Common Hardware Devices

Keyboard

A keyboard is used to type text and give commands to the computer.

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Wireless Mouse


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Wired Mouse

Mouse

A mouse is a pointing device used to move the cursor and interact with items on the screen.

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Wireless Keyboard



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Wired Keyboard



Monitor

A monitor displays the visual output from the computer, such as text, images, and videos.

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Printer

A printer produces physical (hard copy) documents and images from your computer.

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It processes instructions and manages tasks.

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System Unit

The system unit is the main body of a desktop computer. It contains the CPU, memory, and other internal components.

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Computer Software

1. What is Software?

Software is a set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do. Unlike hardware, software is not physical—you can't touch it. It controls how the computer works and helps users perform tasks.

2. Main Categories of Software

System Software

System software manages the computer's hardware and provides a platform for other software to run. It includes operating systems like Windows and MacOS.

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Computer Software

Application Software

Application software helps users perform specific tasks like writing documents, browsing the internet, or editing images.

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Utility Software

Utility software helps maintain and improve the performance of your computer. It includes tools for cleaning, protecting, and backing up your system.

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Programming Software

Programming software is used by developers to create, test, and debug other software. It includes code editors, compilers, and development environments.

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3. Summary

Software is essential for making computers useful. System software runs the computer, application software helps users complete tasks, utility software keeps the system healthy, and programming software builds new tools. Together, these software types allow us to work, learn, communicate, and create.

UNIT 3. Understanding Operating Systems

1. What is an Operating System (OS)?

An operating system is the main software that helps a computer or device work. It controls how the system starts, runs apps, saves files, and connects to other devices. Without an OS, the computer or phone cannot function.

2. Functions of an Operating System

Operating System Functions

3. Types of Operating Systems

Single-User Operating System

Allows one person to use the computer at a time. Most personal computers use this type.

Multi-User Operating System

Allows many users to access the same system at once. Common in servers and large organizations.

Mobile Operating System

Designed for smartphones and tablets. It helps run apps, manage touchscreens, and connect to mobile networks.

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

Used in machines that need fast and accurate responses, like robots or medical devices.

Types of Operating Systems

4. Examples of Operating Systems

Windows

A popular OS used in schools, offices, and homes. It is easy to use and supports many programs.

Windows OS

macOS

Made by Apple for Mac computers. Known for its clean design and strong security.

macOS

Linux

A free and open-source OS used by programmers and companies. It is flexible and secure.

Linux OS

Android

A mobile OS used in smartphones and tablets. It supports many apps and is easy to customize.

Android OS

5. Summary

Operating systems help computers and devices work properly. They manage apps, files, and hardware. Types include single-user, multi-user, mobile, and real-time OS. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS. Each OS is designed for different devices and user needs.

UNIT 4. Working with Files and Folders

1. What Are Files and Folders?

A file is something you create or use on a computer. It can be a document, picture, video, song, or any saved work. A folder is like a digital container that holds files. It helps you keep your work neat and organized.

Files and Folders

2. Types of Files

Types of Files

3. Basic Actions You Can Do

Create a New File or Folder

You can make a new file using programs like Microsoft Word or Paint. To create a folder, right-click on the desktop or inside a folder and choose “New Folder.”

Save Your Work

Saving keeps your work safe. If you don’t save, you might lose everything. Use “Save” to update your file or “Save As” to make a copy with a new name.

Rename a File or Folder

Renaming helps you know what a file or folder is about. Right-click the item, choose “Rename,” and type a new name.

Delete a File or Folder

Deleting removes things you no longer need. They go to the Recycle Bin first, so you can get them back if needed.

Move Files into Folders

Moving helps you organize your work. You can drag a file into a folder or use copy and paste.

Managing Files and Folders

4. Summary

Files are where your work is saved—like documents, pictures, and videos. Folders help you keep those files organized. Learning how to create, save, rename, delete, and move files makes using a computer easier and more fun.

UNIT 5. Introduction to Microsoft Word

1. What is Microsoft Word?

Microsoft Word is a computer program used to write and edit documents. You can use it to type letters, school work, notes, and more. It helps you make your writing look neat and professional.

Microsoft Word Interface

2. Key Features of Microsoft Word

Typing and Formatting Text

You can type words and change how they look. Formatting means making text bold, italic, or underlined.

Adding Pictures and Tables

You can insert pictures to make your document more interesting. Tables help you organize information in rows and columns.

Saving and Printing

Saving keeps your work safe. Printing lets you get a paper copy of your document.

Word Tools

3. Summary

Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for writing and editing documents. You can type, format text, add pictures and tables, save your work, and print it. These features help you create neat and professional-looking documents for school, work, or personal use.

UNIT 6. Microsoft Excel Basics

1. What is Microsoft Excel?

Microsoft Excel is a computer program used to work with numbers and information. It helps you organize data, do calculations, and create charts. Excel is useful for school, business, and everyday tasks like budgeting.

Microsoft Excel Interface

2. Main Features of Excel

Rows and Columns

Excel uses a grid made of rows (side to side) and columns (up and down). Each box in the grid is called a cell, and you can type numbers or words into it.

Basic Calculations

Excel can do simple math like adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. You can use formulas to do the work for you.

Creating Charts

Charts help you see your data in a visual way. Excel can turn numbers into bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs.

Excel Charts

3. Summary

Microsoft Excel is a powerful tool for working with numbers and data. You can organize information using rows and columns, do calculations with formulas, and create charts to understand your data better. Excel makes math and data easy to manage and fun to explore.

UNIT 7. Internet and Browsing

1. What is the Internet?

The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and devices. It lets people share information, send messages, watch videos, play games, and learn new things. You can use the internet at home, school, or on your phone.

Internet Connection

2. What is a Web Browser?

A web browser is a program that helps you visit websites on the internet. It shows you pages, pictures, videos, and links.

Web Browsers

3. How to Browse the Internet

Step 1: Open a Browser

Click on a browser like Chrome or Edge to start browsing.

Step 2: Type a Website Address or Search

You can type a website address (like www.google.com) or search for something using keywords (like “how to draw”).

Step 3: Click Links to Explore

Websites have links you can click to go to other pages, watch videos, or read more. Just click and explore!

Browsing the Internet

4. Summary

The internet connects computers around the world and helps you find information, learn, and have fun. You use a browser like Chrome or Edge to visit websites. Just type what you want to see, click on links, and explore the web safely and smartly.

UNIT 8.Email Essentials

1. What is Email?

Email (short for electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages using the internet. You can use email to talk to friends, teachers, or workmates—anywhere in the world. It’s fast, free, and easy to use.

What is Email

2. Steps to Send an Email

Step 1: Create an Email Account

To use email, you need an account. You can sign up for free on websites like Gmail.com or Outlook.com. You’ll choose a username and password to log in.

Step 2: Write a Message

Click “Compose” or “New Message” to start writing. Type the email address of the person you want to send it to, add a subject (title), and write your message.

Step 3: Click “Send”

After writing your message, click the Send button. Your email will be delivered in seconds.

Step 4: Check Your Inbox

The inbox is where you receive emails. Open it to read replies or new messages. You can also reply, delete, or move messages to folders.

Composing an Email

3. Summary

Email is a simple and fast way to send messages online. First, create an account. Then write your message, add a subject, and click “Send.” Always check your inbox for replies. Email helps you stay connected with others anytime, anywhere.

UNIT 9.Basic Computer Security

1. What is Computer Security?

Computer security means protecting your computer and personal information from harm. It helps keep your files safe, your passwords private, and your device free from viruses. Good security habits help you stay safe while using the internet.

Computer Security Basics

2. How to Stay Safe Online

Use Strong Passwords

A strong password is hard to guess. It should have letters, numbers, and symbols. Never share your password with others.

Avoid Unknown Links and Downloads

Don’t click on links or download files from strangers or suspicious websites. They might contain harmful software or tricks to steal your information.

Install Antivirus Software

Antivirus software protects your computer from harmful programs. It scans your system and removes threats before they cause damage.

Antivirus Protection

3. Common Security Threats

Viruses

Viruses are harmful programs that can damage your computer or steal your data. They often come from unsafe downloads or infected USB drives.

Phishing

Phishing is when someone sends fake emails or messages to trick you. They may ask for your password or personal details.

Phishing Scam Example

4. Summary

Computer security helps protect your device and personal information. Use strong passwords, avoid unknown links, and install antivirus software. Watch out for viruses and phishing scams, and always think before you click. Staying safe online is important for everyone.

UNIT 10. Basic Troubleshooting

1. What is Troubleshooting?

Troubleshooting means finding and fixing problems with your computer. If something isn’t working right—like a slow system or a blank screen—you can try simple steps to solve it. These steps help your computer run better and save you time.

Troubleshooting Basics

2. Common Problems and Simple Fixes

Computer is Slow

If your computer is running slowly, try restarting it. This clears temporary files and refreshes the system.

Device Not Working

If your mouse, keyboard, or printer isn’t working, check the cables. Make sure everything is plugged in properly.

Software Has Errors

If a program keeps crashing or showing errors, it might need an update. Updates fix bugs and improve performance.

3. Helpful Tips

If you’re not sure what to do, ask a teacher, parent, or tech expert for help. You can also search online for solutions using trusted websites or video tutorials.


4. Summary

Troubleshooting helps you fix common computer problems like slow speed, device errors, and software bugs. Restarting, checking cables, and updating software are easy steps anyone can try. If you’re unsure, ask for help or search online. Learning to troubleshoot makes you a smarter computer user.